Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics Essay Example

Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics Paper Morals and the Stanford Prison Experiment by Philipp Zimbardo In 1971 Philipp Zimbardo did one of the most morally dubious mental examination the ‘Stanford Prison Experiment’. Initially he intended to concentrate how much our conduct is organized by the social job we possess. Depicting the examination quickly 24 students with no lawbreaker and mental record were picked for the exploration to assume the jobs of detainees and monitors in a false jail arranged in the cellar of Stanford University Psychology Building, prepared by concealed cameras and mouthpieces. As the lead specialist, Zimbardo was watching the occasions from an alternate room, offering guidelines to the watchmen. The examination should last around fourteen days. Be that as it may, forceful and brutal conduct immediately showed up for the benefit of the gathering assuming the job of the watchmen, while detainees got discouraged and aloof. Eventually a portion of the detainees were liable to torment. Since the members absorbed with their job quickly and gave amazing mental result, Dr Zimbardo destroyed the examination following 5 days. The analysis intended to show the intensity of power, backing of the situational attribution of conduct as opposed to the dispositional attribution. For a long time it was reprimanded just as contended when it went to the connection of morals and brain research. On the off chance that it would be completed today it would neglect to meet the Ethical Principals of the Psychologist and Code of Conduct of the American Psychological Association. This paper will talk about the fundamental unscrupulous components of the Stanford Prison Experiment, for example, the infringement of security and secrecy, physical and mental damage during a test and the researcher’s inclusion of the superintendent job. ‘Some mental investigations produce astounding outcomes for the analysts and the members. Here and there the outcomes are striking to such an extent that they challenge our clarifications of human conduct and human inspiration. ’-composes Craig Haney two years after the analysis. We will compose a custom exposition test on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Stanford Prison Experiment and Ethics explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Despite the fact that the ‘Study of Prisoners and Guards in a Simulated Prison’ just gives a point by point review of the test a few untrustworthy treatment would already be able to be seen from the earliest starting point. As per their agreement the members were offered a fifteen-dollar every day installment and were ensured essential living needs. Consequently they were given no guidelines of what they will anticipate. A couple of days after the fact Zimbargo acquired the police help to show the entire capture of the detainee gathering. Members were caught in their homes suddenly by a squad car, being bound and accused of wrongdoings. Their photos just as their fingerprints were taken; thereafter they were brought to the ‘mock-prison’ blindfolded (p 6). The recently referenced activities emphatically damaged their entitlement to security. All through the investigation members were put under physical and mental damage, which emphatically would disregard the APA code of morals. Detainees were not alluded by names, yet just by numbers and dissimilar to the gatekeepers they were not permitted to leave the test scene. They went through their days in a 6ft x 9ft jail cell. During the principal days the detainees started to carry on as indicated by as they were required instead of utilizing their own judgment and ethics. As of now on the second day the detainees endured embarrassment, and discipline. ‘The most striking consequence of was that obviously typical individuals could act with misuse and brutality when set in a convincing circumstance. After the very first moment all prisoner’s essential rights turned into a benefit among them the can visits and they were regularly compelled to clean the latrine with their exposed hands. (Bredy, Longsdon. p705) a similar working brings up how mental damages greatly affected the detainees. On the third day a portion of the detainees started to encounter serious negative feelings, uninvolved conduct, misery and intense tension. Two of them must be discharged from the investigation early. Those detainees who stayed in the counterfeit jail started acclimatized with their job and acknowledged embarrassment and damaging treatment, as though they merited it (Bredy, Longson. p 706). The detainees as well as the watchmen also lost their feeling of personality. Later Zimbardo in his composing ‘Pathology of Imprisonment’ makes reference to that the investigation ‘was not, at this point clear to the vast majority of the subject where reality finished and their job began’. Most of the subjects became detainees and watches and was done having the option to separate between their jobs and their character. (Zimbardo. p. 249) All together mentally coming up next were watched: the loss of individual personality on the two sides; and the discretionary control applied by the watchmen made the detainees lives progressively unusual, causing discouragement and tension. The watchmen additionally built up a reliance on detainees and were undermined them to the degree that when the detainees were questioned they proposed that they had been relegated to be detainees since they were littler than the gatekeepers. Truth be told, there was no distinction in normal tallness between the detainees and the watchmen, and the apparent contrast was a reaction to the detainees impression of themselves and their capacity (Haney et al. p 14). The physical mischief was never demonstrated on record anyway numerous pundits do anticipate that psychological impacts of the experience ought to have created programmed physical responses. For instance that underpins this thought occurred on the fourth day when one watchman confined detainee 436 kept the him in an in pairs feet storage room for the evening, without educating the eyewitness specialists about the circumstance. Watchmen were teaching different detainees to constantly continue punching the entryway of the storeroom where detainee 436 was placed in. In the end they attempted to convince different detainees that the main way the storeroom would open and their companion will be free on the off chance that they surrender their covers and dozed on their sleeping cushions. Just one of the detainees would not do that. Bradey, Longsdon. p706) From this sense it will be immediately presumed that detainees were additionally under physical disturbances, when gatekeepers adopted the negative disposition towards them, their hostility expanded. The other fundamental concern is the reason the specialists didn't end the test when they saw what was going on in this animate d jail? After all these moral and good infringement the analysis proceeded for six days. As Zimbardo conceded, he likewise became inundated with his job of his job of being the teacher, giving requests to the watchmen. He could no longer unbiasedly satisfy his job of lead specialist, (Harney et al. p. 18) still he continued with the procedure, realizing that the members didn't understand that they could leave the counterfeit jail at whatever point they needed. At the point when they were asked whether they wish to be discharged without getting the sum on the agreement, they said truly, yet at the same time came back to their cell when they were requested after this conversation. By then they lost their genuine personality and willfully kept on being carry on the with the detainee job. Then again, watches did no understand that they could leave their job either. Huge numbers of them communicated their enthusiasm to proceed with the analysis without installment; in certainty a considerable lot of them making the most of their job of power and were tolerating increasingly more night shifts. Like the gatekeepers and to the detainees Zimbardo additionally neglected to perceive the capacity to leave the trial at the beginning time. Essentially he couldn't stay an eyewitness in his own examination as him became disguised. (Zimbardo, 256) The analysis was halted when Christina Machlack an alumni understudy was welcome to watch the occasion for a brief timeframe and was gotten some information about it. She strolled around a yard and converse with a watchman. At the point when she plunked down behind the shrouded cameras, saw a similar watchman she just as of late had a discussion with, she was terrified. In her memoire she composes: â€Å"This man had been changed. He was talking in an alternate highlight, a Southern articulation, which I hadn’t reviewed by any stretch of the imagination. He moved diversely and the manner in which he talked was extraordinary, in the complement, however in the manner in which he was communicating with the detainees. It resembled (seeing) Jekyll and Hyde†¦It truly blew my mind. † (Stanford Prison Experiment, Still Powerful After All These Years) Zimbardo presumed that the circumstance caused the conduct of the members instead of anything characteristic in their individual character. Four out of the twelve gatekeepers were determined to have certifiable vicious inclinations. In any case, a few watchmen demonstrated compassion and even attempted to support the detainees. Zimbardo followed up with the members following the test. All the 24 man were persuaded that they have acted under the job and accepted that they satisfied the jobs as they were acknowledged to. With respect to today there is no record what the examination caused in their drawn out emotional well-being. ( Shaugnessy,p. 137) It is fundamental to make reference to that the US Office Naval Research, Marine Corps, and the US Navy gave the assets to the investigations so as to contemplate the connection between military gatekeepers and detainees. Zimbardo didn't consider his investigation unscrupulous. As he expressed ‘it had untrustworthy elements’. As indicated by him the investigation was morally solid, since vari

Equality Within Modern Educational System Essay

Uniformity Within Modern Educational System - Essay Example (Beveridge, 2004) Crucially, the self-teach relationship is additionally impacted by the youngster oneself. It is clear, for instance, that where guardians see that their youngsters are enjoyed and esteemed by educators, they are bound to feel positive about correspondence and participation with school. Simultaneously, in any case, there is proof that kids try to save some protection in their home and school lives and to 'deal with the hole' (Alldred et al., 2002) between them. Ideas of consideration and comprehensive instruction include created after some time inside the setting of more extensive social qualities and political needs. At the point when the Warnock Report (DES, 1978) was distributed, it utilized the term 'coordination' to allude to the contribution in standard school of those youngsters with unique instructive needs who had generally been taught in isolated arrangement. It recognized various types of combination: locational, when youngsters with exceptional instructive needs share a site with standard students; social, when they likewise share social out-of-class exercises; and useful, when they participate probably some standard exercises. This exceptionally straightforward model immediately became related with slender understandings of what mix included. It seemed to underwrite a bit by bit movement, where youngsters who could exhibit their appropriateness may progressively move towards full inclusion in standard arrangement. As Sir Cyril Taylor (Chairman of the Specialist Trust) once said while offering meeting to BBC, Everyone ought to be concerned if there are kids in the failing to meet expectations schools (BBC, 2006a). Bearing these methodologies as a primary concern, the accentuation was set on where training occurred, as opposed to on its quality. Further,... This paper endorses that crippled school understudies and college understudies in England and Wales are going to get legitimate rights against segregation. Under enactment coming into power on 1 September, instructive establishments should guarantee that handicapped students are not burdened. What's more, confirmations systems must not oppress handicapped understudies trying to select. Prior inability enactment had excluded the training segment. Be that as it may, the Special Educational Needs and Disability Act presently stretch out the counter separation assurance to instruction. Organizations need to make â€Å"reasonable adjustments† to guarantee that incapacitated understudies can partake in courses and exercises. This article makes an end that in all schools, the quality, style and perspectives of administration (specifically those of the head educator) are significant to making and keeping up a comprehensive ethos. One head expressed, ‘We are a far reaching school’, before focusing on his obligation to all-kids in his locale, incorporating those with learning and social challenges. In schools adapting great to conduct issues, explanations, for example, this were an enunciation of profoundly held convictions, and ranking staff, pervaded with comprehensive qualities, had the aptitude and inspiration to impact the mentalities and activities of their occasionally increasingly questioning associates. Numerous educators and Learning Support Assistants have gotten responsive to ranking staff activities to incite positive conduct the executives. Then again, head instructors and ranking staff are responsive to, and strong of, educator thoughts and activities.

Cuban Missile Crisis

Cuban Missile Crisis Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962, major cold war confrontation between the United States and the Soviet Union. In response to the Bay of Pigs Invasion and other American actions against Cuba as well as to President Kennedy 's build-up in Italy and Turkey of U.S. strategic nuclear forces with first-strike capability aimed at the Soviet Union, the USSR increased its support of Fidel Castro 's Cuban regime. In the summer of 1962, Nikita Khrushchev secretly decided to install nuclear-armed ballistic missiles in Cuba. When U.S. reconnaissance flights revealed the clandestine construction of missile launching sites, President Kennedy publicly denounced (Oct. 22, 1962) the Soviet actions. He imposed a naval blockade on Cuba and declared that any missile launched from Cuba would warrant a full-scale retaliatory attack by the United States against the Soviet Union. On Oct. 24, Russian ships carrying missiles to Cuba turned back, and when Khrushchev agreed (Oct. 28) to withdraw the missiles and dismantle the missile sites, the crisis ended as suddenly as it had begun. The United States ended its blockade on Nov. 20, and by the end of the year the missiles and bombers were removed from Cuba. The United States, in return, pledged not to invade Cuba, and subsequently, in fulfillment of a secret agreement with Khrushchev, removed the ballistic missiles placed in Turkey. See E. R. May and P. D. Zeilkow, The Kennedy Tapes: Inside the White House During the Cuban Missile Crisis (1997); R. F. Kennedy, Thirteen Days (1969, repr. 1971); A. Chayes, The Cuban Missile Crisis (1974); R. Garthoff, Reflections on the Cuban Missile Crisis (1989); A. Fursenko and T. Naftali, One Hell of a Gamble (1997); M. Frankel, High Noon in the Cold War (2004); M. Dobbs, One Minute to Midnight (2008); S. M. Stern, The Cuban Missile Crisis in American Memory (2012). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved . See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History

Lord Of The Flies Reflection - 706 Words

What would you do if you, as a teenage boy, are stranded on an island with no grownups and just your other companions? I, for sure, would probably go insane, but Ralph, in William Golding’s Lord of the Flies, knew what to do. This is a story of how a group of boys created a society and the troubles they faced. You might ask:† Why would anyone go to an uncharted island?† Well it’s not really their fault. Their airplane was shot out of the air and it crashed into the Pacific ocean. The pilot dies and the boys find themselves stranded on an deserted island, forcing them to befriend each other for survival and make efforts to be rescued. This effort builds order as the boys gravely grasps to the hope of being rescued and returning to the†¦show more content†¦The characters of the boys were very realistic. Ralph seemed like a good leader from the start with the conch and everything. It kind of seemed like fate wanted him to be the chief. When Piggy was i ntroduced in the story, I felt very sorry and pitiful for him. He didn’t seem to be a bad person,yet the boys around him made fun of his looks, his appearance, and his asthma. Then there was Jack Merridew: leader of the hunters, and chief of the savages. When he came into the story, he was introduced as Ralph’s rival. He had a group of boys who all came from choir and everyone who gathered on the beach voted for chief. This became kind of like a political race with two sides and the people of the â€Å"country† voting. Unfortunately, Jack lost. My personal favorite would be Simon. Even though, in the beginning Simon was introduced as a really sickly, and clumsy child, I think he was actually the bravest out of all of them. He had his own ideas which led him to figure out the truth of the â€Å"beast†. Sadly he was â€Å"accidently† killed. Why does all the wise, courageous and awesome characters always die!! William Golding’s writing style is very sadistic and brutal. The tone of the story seemed very murderous and brutal.I really liked how the Lord of the Flies is actually a dead pig’s head with a massive amount of flies around it. It took me along time to figure this out in the beginning. The story itself seems very black, darkShow MoreRelatedReflection Lord Of The Flies862 Words   |  4 Pages William Goldings Lord of the Flies as Reflection of Society â€Å"Man produces evil, as a bee produces honey, even in something as pure as a child.† --William Golding We come across things that change perspective and it really impacts how we live life. William Golding is a famous author for one of his well known books, The Lord of the Flies, where he makes everyday people change into evil human beings. Lord of the Flies by William Golding, was influenced stronglyRead MoreReflection Of Lord Of The Flies796 Words   |  4 PagesLord of the Flies Reflection - Lily Baker Lord of the Flies by Stephen Krashen portrays the events the of young boys who get stranded on a desert island after their plane crashes. It is infamous for showing how most of those boys manifest into â€Å"savages†, Krashen showed this by adding spears and face paint as a crude applicant to their ensemble, and they start investing their time into murderous shenanigans. However, how did they become such feral barbarians in contrast to the refined choir boys theyRead MoreReflection For Lord Of The Flies708 Words   |  3 PagesThe Lord of the Flies is a parable which humanity presents to us in its pure state, and what happens when we take it to the extreme. Use children, to reflect human purity in its youngest state. It presents us with the idea that regardless of your age or education, you can go to a degree of total dehumanization, given the correct circumstance. The book begins in a plane crash, which falls on a desert island, the only survivors are about 30 children between 5 and 12 years old,, British students evacuatedRead MoreLord Of The Flies Reflection1101 Words   |  5 Pages Lavan Vivekanandasarma Period 7 Lord of the Flies Final Essay In Lord of the Flies, Golding communicates to the reader that after the removal of rules and a stable society, mankind reverts back to a more primal, evil condition. This message is shown the best through the evolution of Jack and Roger. Jack Merridew is a British boy who, like the all of the other boys, ended up on the island afterRead MoreLord Of The Flies Reflection Essay1793 Words   |  8 PagesLord of the Flies deals with plenty of ideas and lessons which amaze us. This state the human conditions, end of civilization, darkness of human mind, violence, destruction of human civilization and end of positive values among children. Through the British boys William Golding discussed the failed human culture created by man. They depended on bad rules and barbarism which lead them towards destruction. It signifies that in childhood any bad experience can directly change the mind and action ofRead MoreLord of the Flies - Reflection of Society840 Words   |  4 Pageshuman mind to control ones thoughts and actions, however, even this ability can be lost if presented with a situation that becomes so stressful or so outrageous that the mind is no longer in control. This is exactly what happens in the book Lord of the F lies by William Golding. Within this book people will find exactly how brutal a human being can become when the boys are trapped on an island with no other adults with them. This book proves without a doubt that all individuals have the natural capacityRead MoreLord Of The Flies Reflection Essay1317 Words   |  6 Pages In the novel Lord Of the Flies by William Golding, reveals how the mind can be corrupted and how your action can change just by being on an island with no adults other than kids the same age as you are younger. Goulding wanted to make a point that if you live in a society where there is no rules and no adults you will change from being innocent to becoming full on savagery. He managed to prove his point by showing how one character from the book went from being civilized to savagery. The novelRead MoreLord Of The Flies Reflection Essay867 Words   |  4 Pages Lord of the Flies, written by William Golding, is a classic novel that begins with a group of schoolboys being stranded on a desert island after a plane crash. Upon their arrival, they learn there are no adults with them, and so their journey begins. Throughout the book, the boys attempt to establish a government, but eventually fall flat when the boys savage behavior escalates. In the beginning, being on the island seemed like all fun and games, however, as time progressed the boys came to realizeRead MoreLord Of The Flies Reflection Essay765 Words   |  4 Pages Carson Musser Lord of the Flies During the second World War, a plane crashes on an uncharted island, leaving a group of schoolboys stranded with no Adult in sight. The first few days life is perfect on the island, plentiful amounts of fruit, no grown-up to tell you what to do, they even elect a chief, Ralph, who sets rules and creates order. When a ship passes the island without noticing the boys, because no one was feeding the fire, everything starts going downhill. After, a meeting is calledRead MoreLord Of The Flies And The Deathly Hallows1554 Words   |  7 Pagespersonality goes through a transformation. The characters of the Novels Lord of the Flies, Fifth Business, and the Deathly Hallows the characters go through transformations based on the decisions they make, the interactions they have with the other characters of the novel and, thinking of major events that have happened in their life. Overall, characters go through transformations based on their actions, relationships, and reflection. In life, people act differently in key events of their lives. The

Public School Reforms A Hybrid School Essay - 1775 Words

Mark Twain once said, â€Å"I have never let school interfere with my education† (Twain). Although both terms, school and education, go hand in hand, the effects on students vary tremendously. School, defined in the Merriam-Webster Dictionary as â€Å"an institution for instruction†, implies the organization runs the school system for ulterior motives such as finances and personal gains (School.). Adversely, education is â€Å"the action of teaching someone†, which focuses on providing knowledge and understanding to the students (Education.). The education American students receive appears to be corrupted by the politics of the public school system. The failure to educate America’s youth forces these individuals to invest in other schooling options,†¦show more content†¦Based on the evidence that students will have a better learning experience, private schools should be an easy decision in regards to one’s education. However, there are a fe w components that may make private school enrollment difficult for some. Caroline Minter Hoxby states in her research paper, â€Å"Religious private schools account for 87% of U. S. private school enrollment† (Minter Hoxby). Because of the large percentage of private schools that are affiliated with a certain religion, families seeking a nondenominational private school may not have the school option they desire. Another obstacle in acquiring a private school education is the process of being admitted to the school of one’s choice. As depicted in the film, Waiting for Superman, many parents want to give their children the best education possible, forcing new enrollees to enter a lottery for a chance to be enrolled in the school (Guggenheim). Some private schools are also very selective in who is admitted to their program, denying students enrollment because of special needs, ethnicity, or religion (Private Versus Public). Beyond admission, private school tuition, paire d with the property tax of the public school district, places a financial burden upon the family. Incorporating the traits of private school into a public school atmosphere would make quality education more accessible to a greater percentage of the students. Though the quality of education oneShow MoreRelatedEducation And Freedom Of The Oppressed1242 Words   |  5 Pagesfunding distribution for public schools. Public schools get funded through in large part by property taxes which are essentially determined by the value of the area the school is in. 5. Our debate topics are related to each other in that they are all interdependent on one another and are focused on student success through similar means. Debate topics such as privatization, merit pay, and NCLB are connected more noticeably since they can all serve as solutions to failing schools, another debate topicRead MorePension Reforms Highlights : Rhode Island And Michigan1517 Words   |  7 PagesPension Reforms Highlights: Rhode Island Michigan In order to make a more comprehensive analysis of the two cases presented in this report the information is going to dissected into three categories: Policy, Politics and Public Opinion in order to convey a more detailed view of the reform process. Rhode Island Background As early as 1993, the net present value of the State Employees’ pension fund represented only about 72 percent of the expected liabilities. The Teachers’ fund was in worse shapeRead MoreCommon Core And Secondary Education Essay2168 Words   |  9 PagesOne way to compete effectively with other nations is Common Core for secondary education. Common Core (2016), per its website, is designed to prepare students for the future by providing standards in which a student should meet by the end of each school year. The main goals of the Common Core are to build upon state standards and to draw from elements of top performing educational systems to prepare students for the globalized society. Some support the Common Core because it promotes a higher levelRead MoreEssay on Bill Gates Biography556 Words   |  3 Pagesto go to the computer room†. He programmed computers at age 13 which would eventually lead to founding the world’s largest software company. After attending Lake Side School in Seattle, Bill enrolled in Harvard University.In 1972, and co-founded his first company, which analyzed local traffic patterns while still attending school. After Bill read an article on the Altair computer, he dropped out of Harvard University to pursue his passion in software development. Bill always had an eyeRead MoreKnowing Our Planets Worth Essay715 Words   |  3 PagesWhen the wells dry, we know the worth of water. These were the words ominously spoken by Benjamin Franklin, in 1746, in his ongoing struggle to reform water pollution. Benjamin Franklin paved the way for many of todays regulations regarding pollution, including the Clean Water Act, amended in 1987. He warned that if we did not heed caution to the depravity, neglect, and horrid disrespect we held towards the environment, that we will succumb ourselves to a recrudescence of pathologies and aRead MoreJapan s Legal System Of Japan Essay1732 Words   |  7 Pagesis now Japan’s legal system. Following up to the war and after, there was a great need to reform their justice system. The ultimate goal was to â€Å"After struggling to exit the economic doldrums, policymakers eventually decided to transform Japan from a society known for excessive regulatory control to a globalized society base d on deregulation and transparency. Reforms were necessary to reposition the public as actors, not bystanders, in governance† (Wilson, 2010, pp. 313). This brought Japan intoRead MoreTeacher Union2302 Words   |  10 Pageshave been created for the public school system which takes place at local school districts; rules have been imposed to create ineffective forms of organization at schools. The rules that are currently in place by collective bargaining are also creating a big disconnection with many public schools, that being the interest of the children. The teachers union is one main role players that is behind the organized education system of the United States. So, why are the public schools systems in the UnitedRead MoreApplication Letter For The Master Of Public Health Program At New York University Essay1481 Words   |  6 PagesMaster of Public Health program at New York University. The bulk of my professional experience has been as a physician working in Bangladesh , which incidentally was where I first witnessed the power and impact of a well-executed public health program. I recently moved to the United States and am now seeking an education in Public Health to address the gaps in my profile as well as give me access to career opportunities in public health administration. My long term goal is to improve the public healthRead MoreGroup Policy Paper For Profits Institutions1447 Words   |  6 PagesEducation’s Race to the Top competition, a $4.35 billion incentive program designed to make drastic reforms and improvements in education and student performance, as a part of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009. After a rigorous competition with other states, Tennessee emerged as one of the two states awarded Race to the Top funding and will receive $501 million over the next four years (The Public Agenda for Tennessee Higher Education 2010-2015, 2011). For-Profit Institutions CharacteristicsRead MoreCompare Public Management Reform in the Uk with Singapore. What Does the Comparison Tell You About the Factors That Shape Public Management in Each Country?3967 Words   |  16 PagesCompetency, bureaucracy and public management reform: A comparative analysis Make sure I read before completing essay, very relevant! Also last seminar presentation (governance, NPM) Compare Public Management Reform in the UK with Singapore. What does the comparison tell you about the factors that shape public management in each country? Introduction Governments around the world are moving from outmoded tradition towards managerial modernity in attempt to get their public sector organisations to

“Blue Remembered Hills” by Dennis Potter Comparison Free Essays

In this essay I am going to compare my play with two comparatives. The play I performed was a scripted piece called â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† by Dennis Potter, written in . The other two texts are, â€Å"My Mother said I never should†, by Charlotte Keatley, written in , and â€Å"Blood Brothers† by Willy Russell, written in . We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† by Dennis Potter Comparison or any similar topic only for you Order Now My performance was set in 1943, in the West Country, â€Å"in the long summer holiday†. Naturalistic theatre was used, however, although it was about the events of seven children, adults play them all. War, bullying, abuse, aggression and murder are explored within the play. It was aimed at adults, as the issues it broached were in addressed in great depth, and because it was shown through the naivety of children, children would not understand. The play has historical and political context, and the political affairs of the time dictate the dialogue. The period in which it was set is reflected by the constant references to the War and â€Å"the Japs†. The circumstances of the children, as well as historical background can be seen throughout. For example, when ‘Donald’ says: â€Å"I be tired out and all, working on those saw mills. I cut me thumb off an all†. â€Å"My Mother said I never should† is about four ‘ordinary’ mothers/daughters and is about the social changes of the twentieth century, spanned over four different era’s. It is set in a variety of places according to what best represents the era. It is also naturalistic, relating to my performance. It also incorporates the idea of children dealing with adult issues but not understanding, for instance: Rosie Mum’s got the curse. (Pause) Maybe we did it! Doris (Pause) What curse? Rosie The curse. Doris Oh. Yes†¦ How d’you know she’s got it? Rosie You can tell. Doris How? Rosie Just can. Mum’s been cross with me all morning. It’s also aimed at adults; adults play children in the production because they also need to play adults in the production as well as children. In this way it was similar to â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills†. â€Å"Blood Brothers† was aimed at a broad audience, adults and children of all classes. It is also naturalistic, but also uses forms such as, narration and song. This detracts from reality but makes it more interesting. And adults play the children featured in the play yet again, linking the three pieces of theatre. It is set in the 50’s and 60’s, in the city for the first act and the country for the second, so it is of a similar era to the other two pieces. In â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills†, there is no indication what class the children are from, but they are expected to be working class, and perhaps Angela may be slightly wealthier than the others. Similar to this is â€Å"My Mother said I never should† as they are middle/working class too. However, in â€Å"Blood Brothers† the two main characters Mickey and Edward are from two contrasting classes: upper class, and lower class. There is direct conflict between them, though they are naive due to their age yet again, for example, Edward is referred to as â€Å"a friggin’ poshy†. It addresses issues such as prejudice, class, money, status, superstition and violence. All three pieces are similar, using adults to play children especially, this is an interesting approach, and allows the playwright to broach more serious issues and adapt them for families or adults. This may detract from reality but naturalistic movements were used, mimicking children helped present the serious issues further. How to cite â€Å"Blue Remembered Hills† by Dennis Potter Comparison, Papers

Oprah Winfrey Biography Essays - Oprah Winfrey,

Oprah Winfrey is one of the highest ranked talk-show host. She managed to revolutionize the tabloid talk-show genre like never before. Actress, writer, producer, and talk-show host, Oprah Winfrey has become one of the worlds most influential person and the richest African American of the 20th century (Woopidoo) I chose Oprah because I think she is a great person who helps other people who are in need. She chooses to share her success with the people who got her to where she is now. Orpah (Oprah) Gail Winfrey was born on January 29, 1954 in Kosciusko, Mississippi(Wiki). For the first 6 years of her life, she lived with her grandmother while her mom lived in Milwaukee, Wisconsin(Wiki). Oprah was considered a gifted child. She began to read at the age of three and therefore skipped kindergarten and went straight to first grade. Her grandmother was also extremely poor which caused her to wear potato sacks as dresses, this caused her to be nicknamed ?sack girl?(E!) At the age of six she moved with her mother in Milwaukee(Wiki). Since her mother worked all of the time she hardly paid attention to Oprah. As a result she was molested by her cousin, her uncle, and a family friend at the age of nine(Wiki). Oprah became very rebellious and promiscuous. She became pregnant at the age of fourteen but her son died shortly after being born(E!). Her mother was so frustrated with her that she was sent to live with her father in Nashville, Tennessee(Woopidoo). Her father, Vernon , was very strict yet loving. He made her read a book each week and write a repot on it. As a result Oprah started to succeed in high school and even entered and won several pageants(Oprah.com) Oprah studied at Tennessee State University and received a BA in Speech and Performing Arts(Wiki). Oprah?s career in the media industry began as a news anchor and reporter for a television station in Nashville(Wiki). She was the first African American woman television news anchor to work in Nashville on the WTVF-TV station at the age of 19(Oprah.com). She was the moved to "People are Talking" at WJZ-TV in Baltimore where she was able to share her feelings about topics that moved her (wiki). In 1984, Oprah Winfrey became host of AM Chicago(E!). After much success the show was renamed ?The Oprah Winfrey Show?(E!). After the show was renamed, Oprah started to make shows that related to middle-class Americans. After much success she formed her own production company, Harpo Studios Inc. (Oprah spelled backwards)(Wiki). Oprah publishes two magazines:?O, The Oprah Magazine and O at Home and has also co-authored five books. In 2002 Fortune ?called?O, the Oprah Magazinethe most successful start-up ever in the industry?(E!). In 1985, Oprah co-starred in Steven Spielberg?s The Color Purple (E!) Here, she portrayed the part of Sofia, the distraught housewife. The following year Oprah was nominated for an?Academy Award?for?Best Supporting Actress, but lost to?Anjelica Huston(E!). The Color Purple?has been made into a Broadway musical which opened 2005, with Oprah as the producer(Oprah.com). In October 1998 Oprah produced and starred in the film?Beloved(E!). Unfortunately, Beloved?opened to poor box-office results, losing approximately $30 million (E!). Oprah is?considered the richest woman in entertainment. At age 41Oprah, with a net worth of $340 million, and replaced?Bill Cosby?as the only Africa n American on the?Forbes 400(E!). Oprah has been called "the world's most powerful woman" by?CNN?and "one of the most influential person of 2004, 2005, 2006, 2007 and 2008? by?Time. In 1998 Oprah became the first woman and first African American to top?Entertainment Weekly's list of the 101 most powerful people in the entertainment industry (E!) Oprah Winfrey is well known for her philanthropy. In 1998 Oprah began ?Oprah?s Angel Network? a charity that encourages people around the world to make a difference in the lives of the underprivileged. (Oprah.com) She donated a huge chunk of money to Harold Washington Library in Chicago(Wiki). She also sent food and water to the victims of hurricane Katrina (E!) She also helps? build homes for people with low income. In 1990, the NAACP honored Oprah with 4 awards (E!) In the autumn of 2004 during her show each member of the audience received a new?G6?sedan, the

Free Essays on Phantom Of The Opera

â€Å"flesh and blood† signal to the readers that Erik, an antagonist of many heads, exists as a phantom to the people around him instead of a real specter, to the point when Erik receives his poetic justice by meeting his termination and Raoul, the protagonist, gets his retribution, Gaston Leroux strives to ensure that the â€Å"ghost† existed as a real human being. A great mind once said, â€Å"Tell a man a billion stars exist in the universe and he will believe you, tell him the bench has wet paint, and he has to touch it.† Human nature tells us to want to disprove something that someone says. Since Leroux knows this, he plants the seed of curiosity in the reader’s mind, willing them to read on. Only unreasonable people believe that Erik exists as a ghost. When normal readers read this novel, they catch themselves at times thinking, â€Å"No way a ghost could of done that,† or, â€Å"It is not a ghost because of...† Only an irrational hillbilly with 9 teeth could think that Erik ... Free Essays on Phantom Of The Opera Free Essays on Phantom Of The Opera Because of normal disbelief in ghosts and the paranormal, Gaston Leroux goes to great lengths to ensure that, in fact, â€Å"The Opera Ghost really existed.† In the prologue of The Phantom of the Opera, written with the feel of a gothic novel, Mr. Leroux says, â€Å"He was not, as was long believed, a creature of the imagination of the artists, the superstition of the managers, or a product of the absurd and impressionable brains of the young ladies of the ballet, their mothers, the box-keepers, the cloak-room attendants or the concierge,† he uses this explicit sentence to stress the importance that the ghost really exists. Without this assurance of the author, the whole story from here gets doubted by some skeptic, ruining the book for he or she. When Gaston Leroux says, â€Å"Yes, he existed in flesh and blood,† he precludes any thought the reader might have about drug induced hallucinations or real phantoms for that matter. From when the words â€Å"flesh and blood† signal to the readers that Erik, an antagonist of many heads, exists as a phantom to the people around him instead of a real specter, to the point when Erik receives his poetic justice by meeting his termination and Raoul, the protagonist, gets his retribution, Gaston Leroux strives to ensure that the â€Å"ghost† existed as a real human being. A great mind once said, â€Å"Tell a man a billion stars exist in the universe and he will believe you, tell him the bench has wet paint, and he has to touch it.† Human nature tells us to want to disprove something that someone says. Since Leroux knows this, he plants the seed of curiosity in the reader’s mind, willing them to read on. Only unreasonable people believe that Erik exists as a ghost. When normal readers read this novel, they catch themselves at times thinking, â€Å"No way a ghost could of done that,† or, â€Å"It is not a ghost because of...† Only an irrational hillbilly with 9 teeth could think that Erik ...

Holiday Skits for Young Students

Holiday Skits for Young Students Developing holiday skits and plays for young students can be a challenge. This list of ideas for imaginative holiday performances can help you to create an event that is enjoyable for children and their parents. Religious Christmas Plays For religious or private schools, Christian Crafters offers a long list of good-natured Christmas skits. Some are Biblically inspired, while others share warm-hearted stories of faith and holiday spirit. Another Christian themed website showcases an extensive catalog of free skits and plays celebrating the historical and mythical St. Nicholas. Secular Christmas Plays For teachers looking for a more secular approach to holiday skits, Apples 4 the Teacher provides an abundance of creative resources for teachers. Festival of Lights Finally, there are a few sites that offer scripts for Hanukah. The Tree of Light is a full-length musical that can be performed, royalty-free, so long as teachers request permission from the playwright. And for older students who might enjoy classic sketch comedy from vintage 1980s Saturday Night Live, recreate this whimsical skit about â€Å"Hanukah Harry.† Each of these choices will bring laughter, fun, and creativity into your classroom†¦ all the while spreading a bit of holiday cheer!

Critical evaluation of 4 Ps Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Critical evaluation of 4 Ps - Essay Example This greatness of Nokia is just for the reason that, it identifies the core of brand needs to be portrayed in everything that the company does, particularly those that influence the customers (Hooley & Graham, 2008). The product design is obviously judgmental to the accomplishment of the product, but the question arises that how the Nokia administers to insert qualities in product design? The response is that it provides their user a great deal of consideration to use their phones. The large display screen, for example, is the â€Å"appearance† of the phone. The delineation of phones is arched and easy to grasp. The mobile casing and other features such as colors and functionalities can be customized according to the user’s character, way of life, and frame of mind of the customer. The soft keypads also put in the great deal of compassion and comfort, articulating the brand nature. Product design emphasizes on the customer and their needs, and this can easily be summari zed in the catch phrase â€Å"human technology’’ (Kotler & Pfoertsch, 2006). But in the USA, Nokia status has started shaking. It led the 40% shares of the American market in 2008 with its Symbian OS in 2009, 33% Apple’s iPhone started taking market and some other companies such as Motorola, HTC, Samsung etc. now shares in almost 5% of the American market. Nokia’s big competitors are Samsung, Apple and HTC (Ewan, 2010). Marketing Mix 4P’s Nokia is utilizing successfully its 4P’s Price Place Promotion Product Price Price manipulates the brand price in two ways (1) look for the lowest price to keep away from financial risk or (2) seek the higher price to gain the product quality (Kotler & Pfoertsch, 2006). There is a specific category of customers for which the price is vital especially when considering items for everyday use. In this scenario, some customers may also choose the brand just because they are offered at lowest prices, whereas so me customers prefer to buy high price because they believe that higher price things are of high quality. The phones that Nokia is producing are frequently sold at high prices. The value of new technology starts reducing after two months of its launching time. Nokia phones are mostly sold at ?200+, if they carry the latest technology. The prices of such technology are mostly based on competitors and competition, but they always tried to be within the approach of their customers, they always take their customers under consideration (Gabrielssona & Gabrielsson, 2008). Places Nokia phones are available and generally sold all over the world. Some of the renowned dealers or retailers of this product are Advance telecom, United mobile, Mobile zone, The Find (Dubai), Dixon‘s and other Electrical suppliers. Promotions Advertising which can be done through the TV (series of Nokia Lumia Ad one with Priyanka chopra), Bill boards (all over the world they are using billboards to promote Nok ia), Radio and Newspaper, Posters Dummies and display stands. Nokia is also doing their promotion by providing product trainings for student for which they had arranged special training sessions in various institutions. Promotion is one of the vital aspects to focus upon in this technological industry. Hence every company is bound to use all weapons of marketing which includes front line

A report (maximum of 1500 words) describing your current understanding Essay

A report (maximum of 1500 words) describing your current understanding of BIM (Building Information Modelling) and its use in the Civil Engineering - Essay Example The processes associated with building information modeling (BMI) are linked to infrastructure and new buildings and have extended potential in refurbishment and retrofit projects especially when rapid energy analysis and laser scanning are employed. The technology associated with BMI is considered an association between software industry and construction sectors with and aim at developing an environment for synergies and opportunities. Building information modeling aids in managing and generating data during construction life cycle. The approach utilizes real time, three dimensional and dynamic building modeling software to increase construction and building design productivity. The process has gives rise to BMI (Building information model) which encompasses spatial relationships, building geometry, geographic information, properties and quantities of building components. Building information modeling has various benefits such as improved visualization, reduced costs, increased productivity as a result of easy access to information, and improved delivery speed, improved coordination of documents associated with construction and linking and embedding of vital information for instance location of details, vendors of specific materials and quantities required for tendering and estimation (Crotty, 2012). Building information modeling extends beyond the computer assisted design and software since it involves designing and shaping. It is an architectural process that entails construction and virtual design and connects and integrates information by utilization of technology. BMI software such as Revit, Tekla and Microstation allows construction of a three dimensional model by the design team. The virtual approach integrates structural, electrical, mechanical and architectural. The process applies to interior fit out, master planning, infrastructure projects and building architecture. During the phase of construction, building

Idea of selective attention

Idea of selective attention INTRODUCTION: This paper hopes to cover what is selective attention, the types of selective attention and the issues that can be derived from such behavior. Some of the issues will be mentioned and some will be discussed in-depth. The paper will also cover models that will help you, the reader, to understand the negativity that can be derived from this type of behavior, as well as ways that companies can prevent this behavior and the ways that it can lead to demotivation. The paper will also analyze, and discuss the best methods by which this behavior can be combated from a business perspective. WHAT IS SELECTIVE ATTENTION? For you, the reader, to understand what selective attention is, we must first discuss selective perception. Role theory is important for us to be able to under how we perceive others. E.M. Foster once wrote that there are two types of characters and that we must be able to differentiate between them. E.M. Foster said that the test of a round character is whether it is capable of surprising in a convincing way. If it never surprises then it is a flat character. If it does not convincing then it is a flat character pretending to be a round one. It has the incalculability of life in it. The idea of selective perception is based on the idea where one can selectively interpret what one sees and hears based on the persons interest, attitude, culture and background. Given that information, one can safely define selective attention as the ability of one (exercised unconsciously) to be able to chose from different streams of data, for the person to be concentrate on elements that they believe to be valuable and to ignore the others that they believe to be unimportant. It should also be mentioned that selective perception leads to selective attention. We hypothesize that older adults who anxiously expect, readily perceive, and intensely react to social rejection because of their old age (i.e., have high age-based rejection sensitivity) are vulnerable to depression and poor social functioning. This is based from the Journal of Research in Personality, Volume 43, Issue 3, June 2009, Pages 392-398. The basic idea, here, is that selective attention is a process in which an individual can filter one message from a mixture of messages that occur simultaneously. This level of attention also refers to the individuals capacity to maintain a cognitive or behavioural set in the blatant face of distracting or contrasting stimulis. Bearing this in mind, we can then understand how this idea or theory can incorporate the notion of freedom from distractibility. TYPES OF SELECTIVE ATTENTION: Behavior that is goal oriented requires focused attention on goal relevant stimulis. The load theory of attention suggests two mechanisms of selective attention. The first is: Perceptual Selection Mechanism Active mechanism of Attention control PERCEPTUAL SELECTION MECHANISM: This is a passive mechanism, which allows for the exclusion of irrelevant distractor stimuli. This idea is based on the perception of situations from a high perceptual load. This is where irrelevant distractor interference is prevented because the distractors are not to be perceived where there is insufficient capacity to be processed. ACTIVE MECHANISM OF ATTENTION CONTROL: This is more of an active genre, whereby the attentional control is needed for the rejection of irrelevant distractors even if they are perceived (some situations may allow for a low perceptual load). This form of controls relies on higher cognitive functions, e.g. working memory; this is required for the active maintenance of current processing priorities so that we can be sure that low-priority stimulis do not have a control of human behavior. SELECTIVE ATTENTION AND THE ISSUES IN THE WORKPLACE: Selective attention has the unconscious ability to affect ones work environment whether one is aware of it or not. Issues such as: Expectation The self fulfilling prophecy Favoritism Stereotyping Demotivation of staff These can affect both the mangers and staff, be it at the boardroom level or the ground floor of any business. THE MENTAL MODEL: Kenneth Craik suggested in 1943 that the mind constructs small scale model that it then uses to predict events and the circumstances that the person is in. The mind constructs these mental models based on perception, imagination, or through the comprehension of discourse. They can underline visual images, but they also have the ability to be abstract, so they can represent events that cannot be visualized. They are akin to the picture theory of language described in 1922 by Ludwig Wittgenstein. Bearing this in mind, one can now understand how expectations can be affected by selective attention. There is an advert on the radio right now about back injuries. It is about people who move heavy loads for a living and they are pressured by their bosses to be quick (external forces). The employee focuses on the job at hand, forgetting about personal safety. This is because the employee has a mental model or he lets the expectations of his boss get to him, hence preventing him from seeing the competitive threats that can be detrimental to him. SELF-FULFILLING PROPHECY This is based on the idea that if a person thinks that you are clever or stupid or whatever, people will treat us they way that we feel and act. But the theory also believes that if we are treated in a certain way that we would become or act a certain way. So if one is treated like he/she is clever, they will feel clever and therefore act clever. This is known as the PYGMALION EFFECT. FAVORITISM: Favoritism in the workplace is one of the most Demotivation things a person can experience. In the workplace favoritism refers to someone who appears to be treated better than others and not by any means this is related to their work related performance. Favoritism in the workplace can lead to one person being promoted faster than other persons (unfairly), or being paid more than the other to do the same job, or they have longer breaks or come to work late or leave work early on a regular basis. The end result is the same; they appear to be treated better than you for no valid reason. No matter the reason, the favoritism that ones colleagues are given seems to you correlates more with the fact of who they know and less to do with their ability for the job. STEREOTYPING: Stereotyping is developed under certain conditions. It is based on preconceived ideas forced unto us by culture, other people experiences as well as our own. This can be due to poor communication, lack of understanding, and misunderstanding of someone elses culture. There are different types of stereotyping such as Age Race Religion Gender Political beliefs Ethnicity AGE DISCRIMINATION: Age discrimination or ageism is discrimination against a person or a group because of their age. The term was created by gerontologist Robert N. Butler to describe discrimination against seniors. It should be mentioned that ageism does not affect only the elder members of society but it also affects the younger members of society as well. In the United Kingdom ageism is frequently unnoticed but if a young person is discriminated against he or she may make a claim that the said he or she has been discriminated against. He or she may file this claim under the Employment and Equality Act (Age) Regulations (2006). This act protects persons over aged 50 and over from discrimination in area of employment and education. Regulations such as these discusses age equality in regard to the hiring of new staff, how workers are treated in the work place as well as age equality in relation to the firing and redundancies and retirement as well as the educational equivalents, e.g. NVQS.. RACISM: This is based on the fact that a person can be discriminated against because of their color, nationality or ethnic or national origins. THREE TYPES OF RACIAL CISCRIMINATION: Direct Discrimination- this is deliberate discrimination for example where a specific job is available to people of a specific racial group Indirect Discrimination -working practices, provisions or criteria created on the basis that it is disadvantageous to members of particular work groups. E.g. introducing a dress code without good reason that will discriminate against some ethnic groups. Muslims are a good example of this. Harassment the participation in or the allowing or encouraging behavior that is offensive to people e.g. making racist jokes The Race Relation act (1976) makes it unlawful for an employer to discriminate against anyone on the basis of racial grounds. Employees are protected from racial discrimination at all stages of employment. GENDER: Gender discrimination or sexism has many legal consequences. Basically sexual discrimination can be loosely defined as an adverse action against another human being. This also considered being a type of prejudiced. The United Nations says that women often experience something called the glass ceiling and that there are no societies where women are treated as equals to men. Glass ceiling is based on the idea that there are perceived barriers to the advancement in employment which is based on discriminations. The Sexual Discrimination Act (1975) says that it is unlawful for any employer to discriminate against anyone based on: Gender If you are married If you have had, intend to have or are having gender reassignment (this refers to someone who supervised by an doctor, who changes the persons their gender) Sexual discrimination laws cover almost all employees and all types of organizations in the U.K. the law cover: Recruitment Employment terms and conditions Pays and benefits Status Training Promotion and transfer opportunities Redundancy It also be mentioned that the Equal pay act also makes it unlawful for the employers to discriminate between men and women in terms of pay and conditions where they doing: The same or similar job Work that is rated as equivalent to a job evaluation study by the employer Or work of equal value In an ideal society we would like to believe that this happen but that is not necessarily true. According to Catherine Rampell of The New York Times, In most jobs, the gap between mens and womens earnings narrows greatly when you adjust for factors like career path and experience. But at the top of the income scale jobs paying more than $100,000 the salary gap between equally qualified men and women is still vast. The article also suggests that sexism can still exist even though laws are put into place to avoid such circumstances. PREVENTION IS BETTER THAN CURE: Four in-depth views were given that are believed to plague an organization due to selective attention. Knowing these issues one can discuss the precautionary methods which can be used as a solution to these problems. SPALTTER VISION: Selective attention can be prevented if we are to use this method. This where the whole view is taken into consideration based on specific elements form a perceptual field. Using splatter vision can help with decision making and would help with the avoidance of issues such as threats and opportunities. If this is done, with an open minded approach they will be able to maintain a peripheral vision. BALANCED SCORECARDS: The balanced scorecard retains traditional financial measures. But financial measures tell the story of past events, an adequate story for industrial age companies for which investments in long-term capabilities and customer relationships were not critical for success. These financial measures are inadequate, however, for guiding and evaluating the journey that information age companies must make to create future value through investment in customers, suppliers, employees, processes, technology, and innovation. The scorecard has evolved from its early uses as a simple measurement framework to a full blown part of strategic planning and management system. The balance scorecard has the ability to transform an organizations strategic planning. The scorecard helps with performance measurement whereby, employees are recognized and promoted based on performance of the past. This process, as the one before, helps overcome the barriers of favoritism and stereotyping. WORKSHOPS: Through workshops companies and managers, will be able to bridge the communication gap that humans have. If we are unaware that we are doing this then we are can hardly be held responsible for natural human behavior. Through workshops we are able to interact with colleagues in a structured environment. We will also be able to create awareness of issues that affect our daily lives. Through the workshop we will be able to help with issues such as: Diversity awareness Comparison compare Create Empathy Help with impression formation Workshops are able to help with camaraderie, bring forth issues as well as to how to deal with them. ANALYSIS: It is natural for humans to gravitate to other humans with characteristics similar or closest to theirs. As much as one would like to think that he/she is above it all, we cannot get away from the fact that we are humans with human faults. The Wiggins 2-dimensional model is defined by eight scale scores of the Interpersonal Adjective Scales-Revised (IAS-R). This study hypothesis that there are 4 biporal factors which can account for the correlations among the 64 adjectives of the IAS-R. On the basis of the Cattell screen test, 5 principal components were extracted from the inter-correlations. Following a direct oblimin rotation, the rotated factors were interpreted as Agreeable-Cold-hearted, Extraverted-Introverted, Calculating-Ingenuous. Dominant-Submissive, and Shy. Thus, 4 of the hypothesized factors were confirmed. The findings suggest that a dimensional conception and the interpersonal circumplex are complementary approaches to understanding the interpersonal behavior domain thi s is according to a study that conducted and published in the Personality and Individual Differences Volume 11, Issue 4, 1990, pages 423-425. Every day we size up people, be it people who we meet for a brief moment or people we know our entire lives. One can tell their mood and through perception be aware of how they are feeling and how they will react in a certain environment. Of the three issues that have been discussed I believe that stereotyping is the worst. This is because of the perception that is brought to the table without the investigatory work being done. Assumption such as: African Americans are lazy Muslims are terrorist Jews are wealthy or artistic Latinos are criminals and poor These are assumption created by stereotyping but if we were to look closely we can see how wrong they are. For example: African Americans are lazy, this a generalized statement but what is the proof to back up such a statement. Jesse Jackson, Barrack Obama, Martin Luther King are African American who have worked hard to change the lives of Americans for betterment. Muslims are terrorist, based on the fact that the members of Al Queida belong to that faith. King Abdullah of Jordon is Muslim so does that make him a terrorist? During World War 2 Hitler believed that the Jews owned all the banks and where into theatre and the arts but Anne Franks Father owned a small fruit preservative factory. The point that I am trying to make is that people are people. They have their own personality. They have feelings. We live in the real world and we cannot label people into boxes and categories that we feel that they belong to. True story, I am from the Caribbean, but when people see me or even have to guess what part of the world I am from they would choose places like India or Pakistan. They stereotype me based on the color of my skin rather than by getting to know me or ask questions. Perception is only quarter of the game the other three quarters comes from asking questions and getting to know the people that you work with. CONCLUSION: Internal and external factors influence selective attention. We can agree that selective attention can be done consciously or unconsciously. But I think that it is done more unconsciously based on the fact that if we are not aware that we are actually performing it. Through awareness, we can combat the issues that have been raised in this paper. Through formal systems such as the scorecard one can find a way to manage the problems that are faced but if one are not aware of the problems then how can one face them. Seminars and workshops are the best way for both manages and staff to be aware of the problems that are caused from unconscious behavior. Companies can also implement through their HR department, strategies from the early stages that will make their entire staff aware of the situations that can be created by this sort of behavior. It is the companies responsibility to inform their staff of the laws that are there to protect people as well to make them aware of their rights as individuals as well. We know that through the self-fulfilling prophecy people can believe what they believe people believe of them. Bearing that in mind we can understand how we can change peoples perception of other people if they would only be given the correct information. Only through trial and error can one correct the issues that are part of our work environment. According to Maslows hierarchy of needs people need to have that feeling of acceptance as time passes by. Acceptance helps with the motivation of staff and the role that it relates to is the companies production. The goal of all companies is for them to produce effectively and efficiently. Motivation of staff plays a big in this facing the issues at hand through the methods that I have mentioned will enable make their employees aware, informed, create prevention but also it will create respect. Respect of the people who they work with and who they work. The people you work with are like your second family (if you are to think of the amount of time that you spend with them). Do we not respect our families, understand and empathize with their need and there problems. We do not stereotype our families because we know them. If we are to put this basic rule into place know people before you judge them. There is a saying never judge a book by its cover, keep that in mind the next time you meet someone new! BIBLOGRAPHY: Interference and Facilitation Effects during Selective Attention: An H215O PET Study of Stroop Task Performance Load Theory of Selective Attention and Cognitive Control, Nilli Lavie and Aleksandra Hirst, University College LondonJan W. de Fockert, University of London Essi Viding,Kings College London http://www.tcd.ie/Psychology/other/Ruth_Byrne/mental_models/(accessed on the 01/02/10) http://www.aboutequalopportunities.co.uk/ageism.html(accessed on the 01/02/10) The New York Times, November 16, 2009, 5:25 pm November 16, 2009, 5:25 pm http://www.balancedscorecard.org/bscresources/aboutthebalancedscorecard/tabd/55/default.aspx (accessed on the 01/02/10) Jon Driver (2001) A selective review of selective attention research from the past century British journal of Psychology, vol. 92, pp.53-78 Mckenna Eugene (2000), Business Psychology and Organisational Behaviour- A students Handbook, 3rd Ed. By psychology Press lt

Is Coalition Government Here to Stay?

Context In many democratic countries, such as Germany, France, India, Israel and Italy, government by a coalition of political parties is considered normal. Often in such countries there are many political parties with a significant level of popular support in elections. This means no one party usually can gain more than 30% of the seats in the parliament or national assembly, so it is necessary for several parties to come together to form a viable government, generally under the premiership of the leader of the largest party involved. In other states, such as the UK, USA and Japan, there are fewer significant political parties and coalitions are rare, as after an election a winning party is able to form an effective government without any help from others. This debate is closely related to issues of voting reform, as countries with some form of proportional representation tend to have more political parties in parliament than those that use a first-past-the-post system, and so are more likely to have coalition governments. Arguments Pros Cons Coalition government is more democratic, and hence fairer, because it represents a much broader spectrum of public opinion than government by one party alone. In almost all coalitions, a majority of citizens voted for the parties which form the government and so their views and interests are represented in political decision-making. Coalition government is actually less democratic as the balance of power is inevitably held by the small parties who can barter their support for concessions from the main groups within the coalition. This means that a party with little popular support is able to impose its policies upon the majority by a process of political blackmail. Possible examples of this might include the role of religious parties in Israel, the Greens in Germany and France, and the demand of constitutional reforms by the Lib Dems in the UK as their price of coalition support in a future hung parliament. Democracy may be further undermined if the process of coalition-making is subject to the whim of a monarch or president, able to decide who to ask to attempt to form a government, whether to call new elections, etc. Coalition government creates a more honest and dynamic political system, allowing voters a clearer choice at election time. In countries where coalition government is very rare, such as the UK or USA, the main parties straddle a wide spectrum of opinion and can be seen as coalitions of competing interest groups and ideologies. At elections, however, such parties present themselves, perhaps fraudulently, to voters as united behind particular views and policies, whereas in power their internal divisions may have a serious, and often unseen, impact upon decision-making. In countries with coalition governments the greater number of political parties gives the voter a more honest choice and brings differences of opinion out into the open for debate. It is also easier for parties to split, or new ones to be formed, as new political issues divide opinion, because new parties still have a chance of a share in political power. Coalition government is less transparent. Because a party has no real chance of forming a government alone, the manifestos they present to the public become irrelevant and often wildly unrealistic. Real decisions about political programmes are made after the election, in a process of secretive back-room negotiation from which the public is excluded. This undermines accountability, as voters cannot expect individual parties in a coalition to deliver upon their particular manifesto promises, unlike the single-party governments in the USA and UK. Accountability is also absent when a coalition government falls, either after an election or through the defection of some of its supporters. Any new administration will tend to include most of the parties and politicians from the previous government, with just a little shuffling of coalition partners and ministerial jobs. Coalitions provide good government because their decisions are made in the interests of a majority of the people. Because a wide consensus of opinion is involved, any policy will be debated thoroughly within the government before it is implemented. Single-party government is much more likely to impose badly thought-out policies upon parliament and people, perhaps for narrowly ideological reasons (for example, the poll tax in the UK). When difficult or historic decisions have to be taken, for example in wartime, or over an issue such as membership of the European Union or NATO, the consent of politicians representing a wide range of interests and opinion is important in committing the country and its people to difficult but necessary courses of action. Coalitions provide bad government because they are unable to take a long-term view. Sometimes an ideological compass is necessary for governments to navigate in difficult political and economic waters, and coalitions lack such a unifying philosophy. In addition planning for the long-term often requires decisions to be made that are unpopular in the short-term. Coalitions often fail such tests because temporary unpopularity may encourage one of the parties involved to defect, in search of a populist advantage. It might be agreed that sometimes exceptional circumstances, such as war, require a coalition government (although the USA did not have one in either World War). This does not mean that such governments are better in normal conditions. Major constitutional decisions are better dealt with through referenda. Coalition government provides more continuity in administration. In countries without a tradition of coalition governments, parties can remain in government or opposition for long periods, and an adversarial political culture develops. When a change does occur, the members of the new administration seldom have any experience of government to draw upon, and often embark upon a wholesale reversal of the previous regime’s policies; neither of these things is in the public interest. In states with coalition politics, however, there are usually at least some ministers with considerable experience under the previous government. A more consensual style of politics also allows for a more gradual and constructive shift of policy between administrations. Coalition governments are very unstable, often collapsing and reforming at frequent intervals – Italy, for example, averages more than one government per year since 1945. This greatly restricts the ability of governments to deal with major reforms and means that politicians seldom stay in any particular ministerial post for long enough to get to grips with its demands. At the same time, this squabbling between political parties erodes the confidence of the public in their political system and in their elected representatives. Finally, evern forming coalitions can take so long that a country may drift along for months with caretaker governments that lack authority – both the Czech Republic and Belgium took over six months to negotiate new governing coalitions after their last elections.

An Introduction to Folk Music

Homelessness Is Becoming More And More Common As Time Passes

Poverty is becoming more and more common as time passes. There are many people that don’t eat for months because they live on the street. People are starving as we speak. We use the term â€Å"starving† loosely, but do we actually know what it’s like to starve? We have approximately 35 million poverty-stricken people in America. How many does that make in the world? Too many! Day by day there are more people losing their homes. Some are losing their homes because of financial issues such as not receiving enough salary and going bankrupt. Others do not even have a job to begin with such as veterans who have came back from serving our country. Homelessness has become an even bigger issue due to our own people. This is because of the criticism a†¦show more content†¦Our lifestyle has transformed many of us to the point that we barely recognize such a person as human. Some of us readily adopt animals into our homes while our brothers and sisters nearly freez e to death on the street. And yet, this homeless phenomenon, is virtually nonexistent in some of the poorest communities in the world. In Hertz’s article, he talks about how he is approached by many people who express their bewilderment that a community with such high concentration of wealth has a problem with homelessness. Hertz is the manager of a homeless service agency based in Oakland County. This shows that even in wealthy places such as Oakland County there are problems such as homelessness. It is not an anomaly that there are many people among us who struggle to survive and meet their basic needs while the majority of us with unprecedented material wealth and comfort. Hertz says, â€Å"There are reasons to be hopeful, and while I may be saddened that there is a need for it in the first place, I am proud that the organization where I work exists. In the mid-80s, a group of churches began to organize themselves around the problem of homelessness, and more than 25 years later South Oakland Shelter (SOS) coordinates 67 partner congregations and more than 8,000 volunteers of diverse faiths working tog ether to put an end to homelessness in